U.S. economy slows in first quarter as consumer spending brakes sharply

The U.S. economy slowed in the first quarter as consumer spending grew at its weakest pace in nearly five years, but the setback is likely temporary against the backdrop of a tightening labour market and large fiscal stimulus.

Gross domestic product increased at a 2.3 percent annual rate, the Commerce Department said in its snapshot of first-quarter GDP on Friday, also held back by a moderation in business spending on equipment and investment in homebuilding.

The economy grew at a 2.9 percent rate in the fourth quarter. The first-quarter growth pace is, however, probably not a true reflection of the economy`s health, despite the weakness in consumer spending. First-quarter GDP tends to be sluggish because of a seasonal quirk.

The labour market is near full employment and both business and consumer confidence are strong. A separate report from the Labor Department showed wages increased at their quickest pace in 11 years in the first quarter.

Economists expect growth will accelerate in the second quarter as households start to feel the impact of the Trump administration`s $1.5 trillion income tax package on their paychecks. The tax cuts came into effect in January.

Lower corporate and individual tax rates as well as increased government spending will likely lift annual economic growth to the administration`s 3 percent target.

Federal Reserve officials are likely to shrug off tepid first-quarter growth. The U.S. central bank raised interest rates last month in a nod to the strong labour market and economy, and forecast at least two rate hikes this year.

Minutes of the March 20-21 meeting published earlier this month showed policymakers "expected that the first-quarter softness would be transitory," citing "residual seasonality in the data, and more generally to strong economic fundamentals."

Economists polled by Reuters had forecast output rising at a 2.0 percent rate in the January-March period.

The dollar extended gains versus a basket of currencies after the data. Prices for U.S. Treasuries fell.WAGE GROWTH ACCELERATING

Growth in consumer spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of U.S. economic activity, braked to a 1.1 percent rate in the first quarter. That was the slowest pace since the second quarter of 2013 and followed the fourth quarter`s robust 4.0 percent growth rate.

Consumer spending in the last quarter was undercut by a decline in purchases of motor vehicles, clothing and footwear as well as a slowdown in food and beverages outlays. This likely reflects delayed tax refunds.

According to surveys, the tax cuts did not reflect on many workers` paychecks until late in the first quarter. The fundamentals for consumer spending are strengthening.

Wages and salaries jumped 0.9 percent in the first quarter, the Labor Department said on Friday. That was the largest increase since the first quarter of 2007 and followed a 0.5 percent rise in the fourth quarter.

Wages and salaries were up 2.7 percent in the 12 months through March compared to 2.5 percent in the year to December. Rising wages are expected to boost inflation toward the Fed`s 2.0 percent target.

The GDP report showed inflation accelerating in the first quarter. The Fed`s preferred inflation gauge, the personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index excluding food and energy, increased at a 2.5 percent rate - the fastest pace since the fourth quarter of 2007. The core PCE price index rose at a 1.9 percent pace in the fourth quarter.

Income at the disposal of households increased at a 3.4 percent rate in the first quarter, accelerating from the fourth quarter`s 1.1 percent pace. Households also boosted savings during the quarter.

Business spending on equipment slowed to a 4.7 percent rate in the January-March quarter after double-digit growth in the second half of 2017. The cooling in equipment investment partly reflects a fading boost from a recovery in commodity prices.

Economists expect a marginal impact on business spending on equipment from rising interest rates and more expensive raw materials.

Investment in homebuilding was unchanged in the first three months of the year, reflecting a decline in brokers` commissions as an acute shortage of properties hurt home sales. Residential construction increased at a 12.8 percent rate in the October-December period.

Government spending grew at a 1.2 percent rate, slowing from the fourth quarter`s 3.0 percent pace. Spending is expected to accelerate in the second quarter after the U.S. Congress recently approved more government spending.

Trade added 0.20 percentage point to GDP growth as rising exports offset an increase in imports that was driven by royalties and broadcast license fees related to the Winter Olympics. A weak U.S. dollar and strengthening global economy are boosting exports.

With consumer spending slowing, inventories increased at a $33.1 billion rate in the first quarter, up from a $15.6 billion pace in the prior period. Inventory investment contributed 0.43 percentage point to GDP growth after subtracting 0.53 percentage point in the fourth quarter.

(This article has not been edited by Zeebiz editorial team and is auto-generated from an agency feed.)