Ethiopian Hayli Gubbi Volcano Eruption: DGCA issues advisory for airlines, airports—Key takeaways

Aviation regulator DGCA has issued an advisory to airlines and airports in the country in the aftermath of the eruption of the Hayli Gubbi volcano in Ethiopia on Sunday that caused ash clouds to drift over several countries, including India, posing potential disruptions for air travel. In light of the threat posed by volcanic ash, the DGCA directed airlines to completely avoid flying at the affected altitudes and in the impacted areas. Volcanic ash poses a serious risk of engine failure and can cause scratching or abrasion on aircraft windshields.

The regulator also directed airports in the country to inspect runways and immediately halt operations if ash deposits are found.

The Hayli Gubbi eruption is regarded as one of the most extraordinary volcanic awakenings in the Horn of Africa in recent history.​

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Hayli Gubbi Volcano | When and where did it happen? How rare is this event?

The eruption of Ethiopia's Hayli Gubbi volcano occurred on Saturday, November 23. The volcano is located about 15 km southeast of the active Erta Ale volcano within the Danakil Depression.

The Hayli Gubbi erupted explosively for the first time in recorded history. It is believed to be dormant for around 10,000 years based on geological estimates.​

The eruption began around 8:30 am UTC, sending an ash plume soaring between 10 to 15 kilometers into the atmosphere, according to foreign media reports.

This ash cloud drifted eastward across the Red Sea, affecting airspace and air quality in parts of Yemen, Oman, and the broader southwestern Arabian Peninsula.

Aviation alerts and air-quality advisories were reportedly issued in response to the volcanic ash and other emissions detected.​

Hayli Gubbi Volcano | Why is this eruption significant?

Hayli Gubbi has had no recorded historical eruptions. This is what makes it a rare geological event in one of the planet’s hottest and most remote regions.

The remote and harsh conditions of the Danakil Depression have made ground research difficult.

A variety of satellite data have been crucial in confirming the eruption and in tracking its impact.

What is a dormant volcano? How rarely do dormant volcanoes erupt?

A dormant volcano is one that hasn’t erupted in a long time but still carries the possibility of coming back to life.

It may look quiet on the surface, yet magma continues to sit underneath, keeping the chances of future activity open.

These volcanoes can stay silent for centuries, sometimes even thousands of years, with only the occasional hint of movement through mild tremours or gas release.