New Tax Rule From April 2026: What is Form 121, who should submit it for FY 2026–27

New Tax Rule From April 2026: The rollout of the Income Tax Act, 2025 from April 1, 2026 has brought a major structural shift in how taxpayers declare income to avoid Tax Deducted at Source (TDS). Among the most practical changes is the introduction of Form 121, a single, unified declaration that replaces the earlier Forms 15G and 15H. The move is part of a wider effort to simplify India’s tax framework by reducing compliance burden, cutting the number of forms from 399 to 190, and making processes easier for individuals and senior citizens alike. For taxpayers earning interest, rent, dividends or pension income, this new form could directly impact cash flows and tax planning for FY 2026–27.

What is Form 121?

Form 121 is a self-declaration submitted by a taxpayer stating that their estimated total income for the tax year is nil, and therefore no tax should be deducted at source on specified incomes.

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Earlier, taxpayers had to choose between:

• Form 15G (for individuals below 60 years)
• Form 15H (for senior citizens aged 60 and above)

This often created confusion. The new system removes that complexity by introducing a single form applicable to all eligible individuals, regardless of age.

The purpose remains the same: if your total taxable income falls below the exemption limit, you can inform the payer - such as a bank - not to deduct TDS.

Who should submit Form 121 in FY 2026–27?

Form 121 can be filed by:

• Resident individuals (both below and above 60 years)
• Hindu Undivided Families (HUFs)
• Certain other eligible entities

However, it cannot be used by:

• Companies and firms
• Non-residents

Importantly, the form is optional, not mandatory. It is meant only for those who expect zero tax liability and want to avoid upfront TDS deductions.

What types of income are covered under Form 121?

The scope of Form 121 goes beyond just bank deposits. It can be used to avoid TDS on multiple income sources, including:

• Interest on bank fixed deposits and post office schemes
• Dividends
• Rent income
• Insurance commission
• Mutual fund income
• Life insurance payouts
• Provident fund withdrawals and pensions

Why submitting Form 121 early matters?

Timing plays a critical role. The form must be submitted before the income is credited or paid.

For example, if you have a fixed deposit with monthly interest payouts and fail to submit Form 121 in April 2026, the bank may start deducting TDS from the very first payout.

Submitting early ensures:

• No deduction throughout the year
• Better cash flow
• No need to claim refunds later

TDS thresholds and rates you should know

Even under the new system, TDS rules remain unchanged:

• Senior citizens: TDS applies if annual interest exceeds ₹1,00,000
• Other individuals: TDS applies if interest exceeds ₹50,000

Standard TDS rate:

• 10 per cent (with PAN)
• 20 per cent (if PAN is not provided)

This makes accurate and timely submission of Form 121 even more crucial.

Is Form 121 a one-time submission?

No. The declaration is valid only for one tax year (April 1, 2026 to March 31, 2027 in this case).

If you hold long-term investments like a three-year fixed deposit, you must:

• Submit Form 121 every year
• Ensure it is filed before interest is credited

Also, the form must be submitted separately to each payer. If you have deposits in multiple banks or earn income from different sources, separate submissions are required.

What happens if you miss submitting Form 121?

If you fail to submit the form on time, the payer will deduct TDS as per rules. However, this is not a loss.

You can still:

• Claim the deducted amount as a refund while filing your Income Tax Return (ITR)

That said, avoiding TDS in the first place is more efficient, as it:

• Reduces paperwork
• Prevents delays in refunds
• Improves liquidity during the year

Key changes that make Form 121 simpler

The new form is designed to improve user experience through:

• A single unified structure replacing multiple forms
• Reduced confusion across age groups
• Improved digital filing options
• Auto-filled details and validations in online systems

The introduction of features like a Unique Identification Number (UIN) for tracking declarations further enhances transparency and compliance monitoring.

What taxpayers should watch out for?

While Form 121 simplifies compliance, responsibility still lies with the taxpayer. Key risks include:

• Incorrect declaration when tax is actually payable
• Late submission leading to TDS deduction
• Assuming one submission covers all banks
• Not quoting PAN (which can trigger higher TDS)

Errors or misuse can attract scrutiny and penalties, so accuracy is essential.

Why Form 121 matters for FY 2026–27

The introduction of Form 121 is more than just a procedural update - it reflects a broader shift towards simplified, digital-first tax compliance.

For taxpayers, especially those dependent on interest income, it offers:

• Better clarity
• Easier compliance
• Improved cash flow management